Tokenomics của peaq network (PEAQ)

Overview

Peaq (PEAQ) is the native utility token of the Peaq network, which is a Layer 1 blockchain designed for Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePINs). Its tokenomics are engineered to balance network incentives, governance participation, ecosystem development, and funding sustainability.

Issuance Mechanism

• Genesis Supply: 4.2 billion PEAQ tokens at network launch.
• Ongoing Issuance (Disinflationary Model):
  • Initial Inflation Rate: 3.5% per annum.
  • Yearly Reduction: Inflation rate decreases by 10% annually until it stabilizes at 1%.
  • Governance: On-chain mechanisms allow governance to alter these parameters as the network evolves.

Inflation Distribution

• 40% of newly minted tokens: released as staking rewards (validators and delegators).
• 60%: allocated to ecosystem treasuries for long-term growth and development (non-circulating) [State of peaq Q1 2025].

Allocation Mechanism

A combination of ecosystem-building, investor funding, security, and team incentives with detailed initial allocations as follows:

Note: The initial allocation is subject to periodic review and future proposals through governance.

Usage & Incentive Mechanisms

Utility & Network Participation

• Transaction Fees: PEAQ is used to pay for network transactions, incentivizing validators.
• Staking:
  • Stakers contribute to network security and decentralization.
  • By Q1 2025, 41.2% of total PEAQ issuance was staked.
• Governance (future): Token holders will gain voting rights to shape network evolution and economics.

Incentives

• Validator & Delegator Rewards: 40% of annual inflation given as staking rewards.
• Community Campaigns: Largest allocation early on to spur user growth, DePIN onboarding, and ecosystem activity.
• Hardware Operator Incentives: Block rewards are shared with hardware operators, crucial for DePINs, driving adoption on the platform.

Locking & Vesting / Unlocking Timeline

Locking/Vesting Details by Major Group

Unlocking Events

• Initial Unlock (Nov 2024): Gradual supply growth as mainnet launches.
• Q2 2025 Major Unlock:
  • ~294.1 million PEAQ to enter circulation (6.7% of genesis supply).
  • Breakdown:
    • Investors: 31.8% (93.45M tokens)
    • Community: 59.8% (175.98M)
    • Network Security: 2.7% (7.88M)
    • Ecosystem/Treasury: 0.7% (2.1M)
    • Inflation: 5% (newly minted)

Unlock Distribution Table (Q2 2025 Example)

• Future Supply Growth: Most allocations employ vesting to ensure gradual unlocking over 24-36 months, curbing sell pressure and supporting sustainable network growth.

Additional Details

• Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): Central to network security, distributing economic rewards for supporting honest validation.
• Machine Economy Innovations: Peaq is developing DePIN and MachineFi functionalities, such as tokenizing physical machines for DeFi participation and fractionalized revenue sharing.
• On-chain Governance: Not live at mainnet but planned for the future, allowing token holders to adjust economics via governance.

Summary

Peaq’s tokenomics employ a disinflationary issuance, broad-based allocation favoring community and security, staking-driven incentives, and a well-structured multi-year unlocking and vesting schedule. This design aims to bootstrap ecosystem growth, sustain decentralized security, and provide robust mechanisms for future governance and sustainability, with heavy incentives for DePIN and infrastructure network adoption.