While issued by different aviation regulatory agencies in a given country, the Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) is the single most critical license that an airline needs to obtain before it can start running commercial flights.
It is issued once a new carrier proves that it has the needed planes, staff, safety systems, and financial resources to stay viable in the long term and can also be revoked if any of the following changes.
While sometimes airlines lose AOCs due to failed safety audits, this most often happens when a given carrier starts out with funding but runs up heavy debt along the way (aviation is a naturally expensive industry).
Examples of airlines that lost AOCs over financial issues in 2026 include British charter carrier Pen-Avia, Estonia-based SmartLynx Airlines, Austrian airline Mali Air and Ireland's Westair Aviation.
The most recent instance, first reported by Swiss outlet ch-aviation, is Moalem Aviation. Launched in 2021 in the small Central Asian nation of Kyrgyzstan, Moalem Aviation last had a recorded fleet of four Airbus A300 planes and flew charter flights to the capital of Bishkek on top of fulfilling various general aviation contracts for transportation of cargo and pharmaceuticals.
Related: Major airline pilot arrested for flying without a license
"We are proud of the fact that our aircraft have logged over 3,700 flight hours and transported more than 18 million tons of cargo," Moalem Aviation writes on its website in translation from Russia. "The company also carries out socially significant air transport operations and fulfills government contracts for Kyrgyzstan."
The AOC is the primary operating license that an airline needs to secure before it can start running flights.
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While Moalem has not provided comment and exact details on its situation remain scarce, it is now reported to no longer have a valid AOC and therefore unable to operate any flights.
Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south and China to the east and southeast; with a population of just over 7.4 million people and a low GDP, it has always faced a tough aviation market that, as a former USSR colony, also depended heavily on Russia.
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After the latter country was hit by sanctions after its invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russia also saw its aviation industry collapse. While government data coming out of the country has not been reliable, most recent reports show that at least 30 Russian airlines have either already filed for bankruptcy in the last year or are at immediate risk of doing so in the coming months.
Related: Another airline files for bankruptcy protection, cancels flights


