Gamitin natin ang panitikan para maunawaan natin ang kondisyon ng bayan at kung paano pa mapauunlad ito.... Panitikan din ang maaari nating balikan at gamitin paraGamitin natin ang panitikan para maunawaan natin ang kondisyon ng bayan at kung paano pa mapauunlad ito.... Panitikan din ang maaari nating balikan at gamitin para

[OPINYON] Hindi lang salamin ng lipunan ang panitikan

2026/04/11 09:00
4 min read
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Buwan ng Panitikan ngayong Abril, at maririnig na naman natin ang popular na kasabihan na ang “panitikan ay salamin ng lipunan.” Mainam sigurong pag-isipan ang pagiging akma nito para mapalawak at mapalalim pa natin ang ating pagdiriwang.

Mahalagang-mahalaga ang isang pag-uugat nito kina Marx at Engels, na nagsabing nagwawangis (nagbibigay-repleksiyon) ang panitikan sa materyal at pang-uring kondisyon ng lipunan. Sa isang banda, may katotohanan ito dahil ang panitikan ay bunga ng panahon nito at may malalim na ugnayan ang akda sa mga nangyayari sa lipunan. Maaaring sabihin natin na hindi umiiral ang panitikan sa isang vacuum. Lagi itong kaugnay ng ngangayunin. 

Kahit dito pa nga lang, masasabi nating hindi naman nakokontento ang manunulat sa paglikha ng mga akda na sumasalamin lamang sa ating lipunan. Alam ng mga progresibo na may kakayahan ang panitikan at sining na baguhin ang umiiral na kondisyon ng lipunan. Di nasisiyahan kapuwa ang mambabasá at manunulat na makita sa panitikan ang nangyayari sa kaniyang lipunan. May pagkilos din dapat. 

At kung titingin pa tayo sa dalawang batis ng ating kasaysayan, sa ating pabigkas na panitikan at sa mga isinulat ng rebolusyonaryo, magiging mas malinaw pa. Sa ating mga epiko’t iba pang panitikang-bayan, naipása sa mga lahi at napatibay ng ating mga ninuno ang konsepto ng pagiging isang lipunan. Iniugnay nila ang kanilang mga búhay sa mga bayani ng epiko. Nagbigay ito sa kanila ng kakapitang pinagmulan at identidad. Kumatas sila ng karunungan sa mga bugtong at salawikain.

Hanggang sa pagsapit ng pananakop, nagtuloy sila sa pagkasangkapan sa panitikan. Paraan nga ito para panghawakan pa ang katutubong sarili sa harap ng kolonisasyon. Inihalo nila ang mga sinaunang pagtula at kaisipan sa mga dasal at ibang pang rekisito ng Simbahan. Ginamit nila ang panitikan para tuwing titingin sa salamin, bagaman iba na ang damit, makikilala pa rin ang naunang sarili. 

Hindi rin nakontento sa pagtingin sa salamin ang ating mga rebolusyonaryo, tulad nina Rizal, Bonifacio, Jacinto, at Mabini. Ginamit nila ang panitikan para pag-ugnay-ugnayin ang pagtingin ng mga Filipino sa kanilang bayan. Iba-iba rin at hindi lamang pagwawangis ang ginamit nila. May kubikong (warped) na paningin para maiugnay ang mga pagmamalabis at posibleng patunguhan kung magtutuloy pa ang pang-aabuso. May naghain sa atin ng lente tulad nina Bonifacio at Jacinto para maging malinaw ang ating pananaw sa bayang nalugmok sa dilim. Oo, may kaugnayan pa rin ito sa salamin, pero ginagamit natin ang iba’t ibang katangian ng optiks at paningin para magkaroon pa ng pag-unawang mas malalim sa ating bayan at daigdig. 

At narito ang ilan pang paraan ng pagtingin at kaugnay: sa katititig sa salamin, halimbawa, maaari táyong mabáti. Maaaring may nangkukulam sa likod ng salamin. Kailangan din natin ang língap o pagsuring mabuti sa ating tinitingnan. Ingat din kung may pangás sa tinitingnan, maaari kasing dinadaya ang ating paningin. 

Balik tayo sa pagiging salamin ng lipunan, tandaan lang din natin na kung titingin lámang tayo sa salamin sa pagbabasá natin ng panitikan, bakâ parang maging Narsiso tayong mahuhumaling lamang sa sariling repleksiyon natin at ng daigdig. Minsan, kahit ang “repleksiyon” na inaakalang totoo ay isang ilusyon lamang din. At alam natin ang kinasadlakan ni Narsiso. 

Ang mainam, gamitin natin ang panitikan para maunawaan natin ang kondisyon ng bayan at kung paano pa mapauunlad ito. Nagpapakita rin ito sa atin na hindi lámang tayo umiiral mag-isa bilang indibiduwal na bahagi ng etnolingguwistikong grupo na bahagi ng Filipinas. Laging ipinakikita nito na may Iba. May kapuwa tayong kaugnay. Kahit pa nga hanggang sa labas ng daigdig na ito sa napakaraming posibilidad ng uniberso.

Napakahalagang unawain ang Iba at ang ating mga pagkakaiba habang patuloy na nasusunog ang ating daigdig. Panitikan din ang maaari nating balikan at gamitin para wakasan ang mga digmaan. Di natin iyon magagawa kung nakatitig lang táyo sa salamin habang nagbabasá. – Rappler.com

Sumusulat si Roy Rene S. Cagalingan ng mga tula at sanaysay. Kasapi siya ng Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika, at Anyo (LIRA). Isa siyang manggagawang pangkultura.

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